Q. Can I build a gaming computer under $2000? (Dec 2011 edition)

Updated December 2011

A few things have changed since our last article.  Hard drives are way up in price, and SSD drives and RAM have come down in price.  Let’s see how this affects our sub-$2000 gaming machine build.  Once again, the Intel Sandybridge i5 2500K processor is the CPU of choice. The 3.3 GHz i5 2500K will give 90% of the gaming performance of the top-of-the-line i7. And being unlocked, you are free to experiment with overclocking.

As usual, prices are before tax, Canadian dollars, current to Dec 15 2011. In all of the configurations, we have gone with full sized motherboards that have:

  • two PCI-e video card slots compatible with Crossfire (or SLI) for future acceleration
  • USB 3.0 on board
  • SATA III (6.0 Gb/s) on board
  • Gigabit Ethernet (1000BT)
  • digital audio out
  • 4 RAM sockets with overclocked DDR3 capability

We have gone straight to 8 GB RAM – while not strictly necessary for games, it will help with multitasking and graphics/video/audio production software.  In this build, we are targeting a price under $1500, so we are going with a single Radeon HD6970 video card with 2 GB of GDDR5 RAM.  The upgrade option to 2 x 6970s would provide stunning frame rates, and would take the budget with an SSD drive to the $2000 mark.  But the real bargain is a pair of Radeonm HD6950s. These will get 90% of the performance of the dual HD6970s (for $230 less), and they handily outperform a single 6970 by about 80% (for only $160 more)

CPU: Intel Core i5 2500K unlocked 3.3 GHz SandyBridge LGA1155 Dual Core Retail box 6M cache $256

Motherboard: MSI P67A-GD53B3 SKT.1155 INTEL P67 ATX 4X DDR3,2PCI-E X16/2PCI/3PCI-E USB3.0, SATA 6.0 Gb/s $151

Video Card: Gigabyte Radeon HD6970 900MHZ 2Gb RAM GDDR5 256 BIT, DVI, DisplayPort, HDMI PCI-e $390

Memory: Kingston HyperX 8GB kit (2x4GB) Dual Channel 1600 MHz DDR3 RAM $55

Hard Drive: Seagate Barracuda ST500DM002 500GB 7200RPM Hard Drive $47

DVD Drive: Asus DRW-24B3ST 24X Internal DVD Burner with Nero software $32

Case: Antec Six Hundred Gamer ATX case $99

Fan: Additional case fan 120 mm quiet model $19

Power Supply: Thermaltake TRX-750M 750W modular PC Power Supply 16dBA (quiet) 14cm fan, 80+ Bronze efficiency, Crossfire and SLI compatible $99

CPU Cooling: Coolermaster HYPER 212 Plus CPU Cooler $35

Mouse: Comfort Optical Mouse 3000 $22

Keyboard: Wired Keyboard 600 Black USB Port English $15

Operating System: Windows 7 64 bit Home Premium $129

Total: $1401.00

Upgrades:

Dual video cards – Gigabyte Radeon HD6950 840 MHz video cards $550 (+$160)

SSD Boot drive: SandForce 2200 series SATA 6.0 Gb/s 120 GB SSD drive $199

Total: $1760.00

Video Upgrade: with 2x Radeon HD6970 video cards instead (+$230)
(Note that the HD6970 pair consume 120W more than the HD6950 pair, and while a 750 Watt power supply is still enough – just – you might want to consider an upgrade of the power supply at the same time)

Total: $1990.00

Other upgrade options:
Case: Antec Nine Hundred Gamer ATX case $139 (+$40)
Hard drive: Western Digital Caviar Black 1 TB 7200 RPM 5 year warranty $199 (+$100)
Optical Drive: Lite-On Blu-Ray ROM reader DVD-RW combo drive $69 (+$37)
Power Supply Thermaltake Toughpower Grand 850W modular PSU $199 (+$90)
Cooling: Corsair A70 CPU Cooler $49 (+$14)
Memory:
There’s not much to gain by going faster than 1600 MHz on the memory, but you can get faster performance by lowering the latency from CL9 to CL7
8 GB of Corsair CMX4GX3M2A1600C7 XMS3 Low Latency (CL7) DDR3-1600 (4x2GB) $144 (+$99)

To either package you can add upgraded keyboard and mouse, although we advise to stick with wired, not wireless.

Add to this a monitor if you need one, labour to assemble and test if you don’t want to do it yourself, taxes, eco- fees and shipping as required.

 

See the July 2011 $1500 – $2000 build

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The hidden MacBook RAM upgrade

Apple has consistently published specifications for machines that state limitations on how much RAM the machine can take. In some cases, experimentation has found that certain Macs can take more than the ‘official’ amount of RAM. iMac, MacBook and MacBook Pro models from 2008 have long been able to be used with 6 GB of RAM (a 2 GB module and a 4 GB module), but when installed with 8 GB they crash as soon as the RAM above 6 GB is utilized.

It seems that Apple released some EFI firmware updates which in combination with OSX 10.6 Snow Leopard allow certain machines to go to 8 GB total RAM (2 x 4 GB SODIMMs)

The machines affected are MacBook and MacBook Pro models from late 2008. Their Mac Identifier numbers are MacBookPro5,1 MacBook5,1

In order to use 8 GB of RAM, the machines have to be at the latest Firmware ROM version (below) which should have been made available through the Software Update process. You can check your ROM version by going into the Apple Menu; About this Mac; More Information; Hardware Overview and look for this line
Boot ROM Version: MB51.007D.B03

Checking the Boot ROM version http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1237

For a MacBookPro5,1 the version needs to be MBP51.007E.B05
For a MacBook5,1 the version needs to be MB51.007D.B03

If yours isn’t up to date, back up your data files (just in case) and then run the EFI updater from here
MacBook Pro http://support.apple.com/kb/DL975
MacBook http://support.apple.com/kb/DL974
Do not use these updaters if you have any other model of Mac or version of MacBook.

After the ROM is updated you should be able to upgrade to 8 GB of RAM for maximum performance.

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Q. Can I build a $1500 – $2000 gaming computer?

See the previous article on building a sub-$1000 gaming computer

Once we get to a $1500 – $2000 budget for a gaming machine, we can look at a better-appointed case and some serious graphics power. We’ll start with the over-clockable Intel Sandybridge i5 2500K processor and work from there. The 3.3 GHz i5 2500K will give 90% of the gaming performance of the top-of-the-line i7, at a quarter of the price. The budget will let us go with dual Radeon HD6950 cards in Crossfire mode for serious frame rates.

As usual, prices are before tax, Canadian dollars, current to July 27 2011. In all of the configurations, we have gone with full sized motherboards that have:

  • two PCI-e video card slots compatible with Crossfire (or SLI) for future acceleration
  • USB 3.0 on board
  • SATA III (6.0 Gb/s) on board
  • Gigabit Ethernet (1000BT)
  • digital audio out
  • 4 RAM sockets with overclocked DDR3 capability

For multitasking and graphics/video/audio production we would recommend 8 GB RAM, but for games RAM over 4 GB is not as critical as the GPU. Feel free to double up on the RAM now, or as a future upgrade.

CPU:Intel Core i5 2500K unlocked 3.3 GHz SandyBridge LGA1155 Dual Core Retail box 6M cache $245
Motherboard: MSI P67A-GD53B3 SKT.1155 INTEL P67 ATX 4X DDR3,2PCI-E X16/2PCI/3PCI-E USB3.0, SATA 6.0 Gb/s $159
Video Card: Gigabyte Radeon HD6950 870MHZ 1Gb RAM DDR5 256 BIT, DVI, DisplayPort, HDMI PCI-e $269 each x 2 = $538
Memory: Corsair CMX4GX3M2A1600C9 XMS3 4GB (2x2GB) Dual Channel 1600 MHz DDR3 RAM $42
Hard Drive: Seagate Barracuda ST3500413AS 500GB 7200RPM Hard Drive $47
DVD Drive: Asus DRW-24B3ST 24X Internal DVD Burner with Nero software $32
Case: Antec Six Hundred Gamer ATX case $99
Fan: Additional case fan 120 mm quiet model $19
Power Supply: Thermaltake Toughpower Grand 750W modular PC Power Supply 16dBA (quiet) 14cm fan, 80+ Bronze efficiency, Crossfire and SLI compatible $99
Cooling: Coolermaster HYPER 212 Plus CPU Cooler $35
Mouse: Comfort Optical Mouse 3000 $22
Keyboard: Wired Keyboard 600 Black USB Port English $15
Operating System: Windows 7 64 bit Home Premium $129

Total $1481
With 8 GB (Kingston KHX1600C9D3K2/8G 1600 MHz Dual Channel $75 (+$33) $1514

Upgrade options
Case: Antec Nine Hundred Gamer ATX case $139 (+$40)
Hard drive: Western Digital Caviar Black 1 TB 7200 RPM 5 year warranty $89 (+$42)
Video cards: Gigabyte Radeon HD6970 Overclock Radeon 920MHZ 2Gb RAM DDR5 256 BIT, DVI, DisplayPort, HDMI PCI-e 2.1 $379 each x 2 = $758 (+$220)
Optical Drive: Lite-On Blu-Ray ROM reader DVD-RW combo drive $69 (+$37)
Power Supply Thermaltake Toughpower Grand 1000W modular PSU $199 (+$100)
Cooling: Corsair A70 CPU Cooler $49 (+$14)
Memory: Corsair CMX4GX3M2A1600C7 XMS3 Low Latency (CL7) 4GB (2x2GB) Dual Channel 1600 MHz DDR3 RAM $76 (+$34)

Total $1968

With 8 GB, add Corsair CMX4GX3M2A1600C7 XMS3 Low Latency (CL7) 4GB (2x2GB) $76 (+$76) $2044

To either package you can add upgraded keyboard and mouse, although we advise to stick with wired, not wireless.

Add to this a monitor if you need one, labour to assemble and test if you don’t want to do it yourself, taxes, eco- fees and shipping as required.

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Q. Can I build a gaming computer for $1000?

An exercise in budget computing is to build a computer that will give acceptable gaming performance for under $1000.

The biggest bang for the buck component in a gaming computer is the video card, so sacrifices will have to me made in the area of CPU and hard drives. As desirable as quad-core Sandybridge Intel processors are, they are more expensive, so AMD is the way to go for quad core under $800. Here are suggested configurations at about the $800, 900 and $1000 price points (before tax, Canadian dollars, current to July 20 2011) In all of the configurations, we have gone with full sized motherboards that have:

  • two PCI-e video card slots compatible with Crossfire (or SLI) for future acceleration
  • USB 3.0 on board
  • SATA III (6.0 Gb/s) on board
  • Gigabit Ethernet (1000BT)
  • digital audio out
  • 4 RAM sockets with overclocked DDR3 capability

And we have specced a robust power supply to keep things running (something that is often skimped on in budget builds).

CPU: AMD Phenom II x4 965 Black Editon Processor AM3 3.4 GHz 8Mb Cache Box 125W $149
Motherboard: ASUS M5A97 Motherboard with SATA 6.0 GB/s, USB 3.0, UEFI BIOS $99
Video Card: Gigabyte Radeon HD6670 820 MHz 1 GB DDR3 RAM $99
Memory: Corsair CMX4GX3M2A1600C9 XMS3 4GB kit (2x2GB) Dual Channel 1600 MHz DDR3 RAM $42
Hard Drive: Seagate Barracuda ST3500413AS 500GB 7200RPM Hard Drive $47
DVD Drive: Asus DRW-24B3ST 24X Internal DVD Burner with Nero software – $32
Case: Vento TA-8H3 ATX Mid-tower Black, USB2.0 and Audio jacks on front panel 80MM FAN $29
Fan: Additional case fan 120 mm quiet model $19
Power Supply: Antec Earthwatts 650W Green Power supply PSU 80+ Bronze SLI and CrossFire Ready $85
Cooling: Stock heatsink and fan comes with the AMD Phenom Boxed processor
Mouse: Comfort Optical Mouse 3000 $22
Keyboard: Wired Keyboard 600 Black USB Port English $15
Operating System: Windows 7 64 bit Home Premium $129

Total: $767

A video upgrade makes the most immediate difference to gaming performance, the Radeon 6670 card benchmarks at about 69 on TomsHardware combined ratings, the Radeon HD6850 at about 95 and the nVidia GTX560 at about 123

Video card: Gigabyte Radeon HD6850 Overclock 820MHz 1GB-DDR5 256 Bit, 2X DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort $199 (+$100)
or
Asus ENGTX560/DCII nVidia GTX560 Overclock 850 MHz 2 DVI + 1 HDMI 1Gb DDR5 RAM DirectCu II dual fan $229 (+$130)

Total with HD6850 video: $867 or with GTX560 $897

Other optional upgrades
Mouse: Logitech Gaming Mouse G500 USB $79 (+$57) (note that you don’t want a wireless mouse or keyboard for gaming)
Keyboard: Logitech Gaming Keyboard G110 12 programmable keys, backlighting, USB audio $96 (+$81)
Audio: The motherboard has digital optical audio out (S/PDIF) so if you have speakers, headphones or a receiver with digital optical input, that will get the best sound quality.

Adding the mouse and keyboard to the video upgrades, the total is $1045

To go Intel here’s a suggested i3 rig about $817. Remember that most games do not take advantage of multiple cores, so a faster dual core processor usually has an advantage over a slower quad-core processor, so we have started with a 3.1 GHz i3.

The quad-core i5 and video card upgrade options push the budget to a little over $1000

CPU:Intel Core i3 2100 3.10 GHz SandyBridge LGA1155 Dual Core Retail box 3M cache $139
Motherboard: MSI P67A-GD53B3 SKT.1155 INTEL P67 ATX 4X DDR3,2PCI-E X16/2PCI/3PCI-E USB3.0, SATA 6.0 Gb/s $159
Video Card: Gigabyte Radeon HD6670 820 MHz 1 GB DDR3 RAM $99
Memory: Corsair CMX4GX3M2A1600C9 XMS3 4GB (2x2GB) Dual Channel 1600 MHz DDR3 RAM $42
Hard Drive: Seagate Barracuda ST3500413AS 500GB 7200 RPM Hard Drive $47
DVD Drive: Asus DRW-24B3ST 24X Internal DVD Burner with Nero software $32
Case: Vento TA-8H3 ATX Mid-tower Black, USB2.0 and Audio jacks on front panel 80MM FAN $29
Fan: Additional case fan 120 mm quiet model $19
Power Supply: Antec Earthwatts 650W Green Power supply PSU 80+ Bronze SLI and CrossFire Ready $85
Cooling: Stock heatsink and fan comes with the Intel Boxed processor
Mouse: Comfort Optical Mouse 3000 $22
Keyboard: Wired Keyboard 600 Black USB Port English $15
Operating System: Windows 7 64 bit Home Premium $129

Total $817

Upgrade options
CPU: Intel Core i5 2400 3.10 GHz SandyBridge LGA1155 Quad Core Retail box 6M cache $229 (+$90)
Video card:
Gigabyte Radeon HD6850 Overclock 820MHz 1GB-DDR5 256 Bit, 2X DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort $199 (+$100)
or
Asus ENGTX560/DCII nVidia GTX560 Overclock 850 MHz 2 DVI + 1 HDMI 1Gb DDR5 RAM DirectCu II dual fan $229 (+$130)

With the HD6850, the total is $1007 or with the GTX560, $1037

Adding the keyboard and mouse upgrades takes us to $1175

Add tax and shipping depending on where you are getting the components, and add some budget for assembly and testing if you’re not confident to do it yourself.

You’ll require a monitor as well, but chances are you already have one. If you have a retail license of Windows 7 64 Bit which is not in use on another machine, you could save the cost of the operating system.

These systems rely on the stock cooling fans – if you are intending to overclock, then you may be wise to look into third party CPU coolers, and the Intel Core I5 3.30 GHz Socket 1155 6M Boxed Unlocked “K” version of the Intel i5 for about $45 more

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Q. My Macintosh loses its settings and date?

If your Mac reverts to a date in the past when you turn it off, or forgets its Startup Disk or Network settings and time, then it means that the PRAM (parameter RAM) memory is getting reset, and the primary reason for this is that the PRAM backup battery is drained.  The solution is to replace the battery.

When replacing a PRAM battery, it is important to orient the new battery in the same direction as the old one (+ and – terminals) or to attach the connector in the same way.

Not all Macs have a PRAM battery – some Macintosh laptops rely on the main battery for PRAM power, and have a capacitor on-board to keep the PRAM alive for a couple of minutes while you switch batteries.  Whether it has a PRAM battery or not, a Mac notebook is not designed to have its main battery run completely out. You should always recharge the main battery as soon as it reaches the battery-low warning signal from OSX (the exception is when you are doing the calibration procedure on a new battery).

PRAM batteries have had various shapes and sizes over the years.

PRAM batteries 3.6V + 4.5V

Mac PRAM batteries 3.6V Lithium + 4.5V Alkaline

Desktop Macs use one of two types:

1/2 AA 3.6V Lithium battery (half the length of a AA dry cell)  Note that this is not a Lithium-ion rechargeable battery

Used in many Macintosh desktops, PowerMacs, iMacs, eMacs, PowerMac G4 and G5

4.5V Alkaline Cube shaped battery with 2 wire cable For many old Performa and LC models

Mac laptops have used a staggering array of different battery designs, some of which are proprietary to Apple and can only be bought as service parts for $40 – $80.  Don’t make assumptions about one battery fitting a MacBook with a similar name – the batteries differ from generation to generation, and also between 15″ and 17″ models.


MacBook Pro 15in A1211 PRAM Battery

MacBook Pro 15in A1211 PRAM Battery 922-7913

MacBook Pro
A1150 1.83, 2, or 2.16 GHz Core Duo Installation Guide
Apple Part Number 922-7190

A1121, 2.16 and 2.33 GHz Core2Duo Installation Guide
A1226 and A1260 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, or 2.6 GHz Core 2 Duo Installation Guide
Apple Part Number 922-7913


MacBookPro 17 in PRAM Battery 922-7505

MacBookPro 17 inch CoreDuo + Core2Duo PRAM Battery 922-7505

MacBook Pro 17″
Models A1151, A1212, A1229, and A1261 (excluding Unibody models)
Apple Part Number 922-7505
Installation Guide


MacBook Pro 15in A1211 PRAM Battery

MacBook 13 inch PRAM Battery 922-7369

MacBook
A1181
1.83 GHz or 2.0 GHz CoreDuo Install Guide
1.83, 2, or 2.16 GHz Core 2 Duo MacBooks (exluding SantaRosa models) Install Guide
Apple Part number 922-7369

 


PowerBook G4 17 PRAM Battery

PowerBook G4 17 inch 1.0 GHz - 1.67 GHz Lo Res PRAM Battery 922-6763

PowerBook G4 Aluminum 17 inch 1.0 GHz -1.67 GHz Battery and USB module

1 GHz model Apple Part Number 922-5767 (820-1391-A)
1.33 GHz model Apple Part Number 922-6064 (820-1537-A)
1.5 GHz model Apple Part Number 922-6395 (820-1618-A)
1.67 GHz model Apple Part Number 922-6763 (820-1814-A)
Installation Guide

1.67 GHz Hi-Res / Dual Layer model Apple Part Number 922-6978 (820-1824-A)
Installation Guide


PowerBook G4 15" Al 1.5 and 1.67 PRAMBattery

PowerBook G4 15" Aluminum 1.5 GHz and 1.67 GHz PRAM Battery

PowerBook G4 Aluminum 15 inch models
1.5 GHz and 1.67 GHz models
A1106  1.67 “low res” screen models before October 2005
Apple Part Numbers 922-6714 &  922-6711 (820-1686-A)
Installation Guide


Powerbook G4 15" Al 1 to 1.5 GHz PRAM Battery 922-6007

Powerbook G4 15" Aluminum 1.0 to 1.5 GHz PRAM Battery 922-6007

1.0, 1.25, 1.33 and 1.5 GHz models
A1046 and A1095
Apple Part Numbers 922-6007  922-6000
Install Guide


PowerBookG4 Titanium Onyx & DVI PRAM Battery

PowerBookG4 Titanium 15" Onyx & DVI PRAM Battery

PowerBook G4 Titanium Onyx and DVI models (not 400 MHz and 500 MHz Mercury model)
Apple Part Numbers: 922-4631, 922-5205

Installation Guide



You might think that the PRAM battery would last longer if you don’t use the machine,but the opposite is true. The battery is being drained whenever the machine is unplugged, so a machine in storage will tap out the PRAM battery sooner than a machine in daily use.

 

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Q. How do I know if a website has a virus?

Downloading files from websites (especially pirated files) is risky no matter what. The files may not be what you think they are, and may contain malware installers.  Or the site may be ‘poisoned’ and try to automatically download malware to your machine.  The short answer is that you don’t know in advance whether a site has malware on it.  The first line of defense is to only download files from sites that you know are trustworthy.  For Windows and Mac shareware I recommend C|Net’s Download.com. But how do you know whether a site you are unfamiliar with is a risk?

MyWot is a plug in that rates the trustworthiness of web sites
http://www.mywot.com/

Macafee Site Advisor also checks websites for scams and malware.
http://www.siteadvisor.com/

Scamadviser.com lets you check for reports of scams from web domain names.

Google has a tool which gives you a diagnostic report on the problems that have been found with a particular site.  Highlight and copy this partial address below and put it into your browser location bar:

http://www.google.com/safebrowsing/diagnostic?site=

Now, directly after the = type the name of the domain you want to check and then hit return or click Go. You will get a page with an up to date report on the domain.

The problem with these reputation based ratings is that they don’t take into account dynamic third party content (such as display ads generated from a completely different site) which can be poisoned.  The off-site content such as ads and syndicated content, changes continually so there is no effective way to judge its trustworthiness.

Download risks
You can’t scan a file for viruses without downloading it and reading it, so there is an inherent risk any time you download a file or run a web-based program. Never run or decompress a downl0aded file right away. Always download it to a folder on the hard drive and scan it for viruses before opening it.  Some anti-virus programs can be directed to automatically scan any new files in a specific folder, so set that up on your Downloads folder.

Always make sure you have anti virus software running and updated to the latest definitions.

Disable Scripts
Look at your browser security settings, and do the essential things like disabling automatic running of downloads, and disable automatic running of Java and Javascript. I recommend using Firefox and the NoScript plug in which allows you to control which servers are allowed to run Javascripts – you’ll be amazed at how many third party sites want to run scripts when you visit a page – these are mostly associated with advertising tracking – NoScript allows you to accept scripts from the site you want, and deny all others.

Disable ActiveX
in Internet Explorer (or turn on Active X filtering in the latest version of IE). There’s no strong reason that you should want a web application to control other software on your computer without you knowing. The exception might be installing an update from a known source like Microsoft or Adobe.

Security settings for browsers:

Internet Explorer (Windows):

  1. Select Tools, Internet Options… from the menu.
  2. Click the Security tab.
  3. Click the Custom Level… button to adjust specific security settings or change the security level.
  4. Click OK (twice) to return to the browser window.

Firefox security settings look almost the same on both Mac and Windows platforms.

  1. On a Macintosh, select Firefox, Preferences… 
    On Windows choose Tools, Options….
  2. Click Security.
  3. If you like to save passwords for protected web sites, consider creating a Master Password to ensure private information is not accessed by others using your computer.
  4. Review other security settings and make the best selections for your needs.
  5. To exit and save the settings: On Macintosh, close the window. On Windows click OK.

Safari’s security settings:

  1. Choose Safari, Preferences… from the menu.
  2. Click Security.
  3. Review and adjust the security settings to suit your needs.
  4. Close the window.
Posted in Computer Questions and Answers, Internet and Networking, Security, Viruses and malware, Windows questions | Tagged , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Q. I’m selling a Windows 7 machine – how do I get my data off?

First back up ALL of your personal data. Don’t forget your email data files and your browser bookmarks

If the machine has the option to make System restore CDs do it now. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Create-a-system-repair-disc
Also go to the manufacturer’s website, download the latest driver updates (plus those for any third party hardware you have installed) and burn these to a CD or DVD. They will make it easier to install later.

If you want to be really sure that the data is gone, use the Win 7 Cipher tool to secure erase your user data folders http://www.dkszone.net/permanently-delete-data-builtin-cipher-tool-windows-7 or choose a secure erase option http://www.sevenforums.com/tutorials/172617-secure-erase-wipe-definition-methods.html  or go to Darik’s Boot and Nuke site (DBAN) to make a bootable disk that will secure erase the drive. A DoD Short Wipe (3 pass) will overwrite even your erased data sectors with 0’s and 1’s.

Then, if you have the Windows CD or the factory System Restore CD, reboot the machine from the CD and reformat the hard drive and install the OS fresh.

If you don’t have the CD, then depending on the manufacturer you may have a hidden partition on the drive with the restore files, follow the manufacturer’s direction to break into the system restore process during boot up (typically you hit a particular Function key before Windows starts)
Alternatively, you can order Restore CDs from many manufacturers for a fee of $20 – $35

Finally, if you are still worried about the data on the hard drive, remove the hard drive from the machine and physically destroy the drive with a hammer.  You can remove the cover of the drive so that you can smash the platters inside.

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Q. How do I get my Bookmarks onto a new computer?

Bookmarks or Favorites in a Web browser can be moved from one browser to another, or from one computer to another.

Go into your present browser, and look for the function to export bookmarks or favorites. This will result in a file that you can copy to a USB stick and then import in your new browser.

Alternatively you can Google for online programs that automatically convert, or that let you sync your bookmarks through the internet – unfortunately many of the programs listed are out of date and support Firefox 3 only, not Firefox 4 or 5

  • Delicious allows you to maintain a set of bookmarks on the Web http://www.delicious.com/ and optionally share bookmarks with others, but this isn’t the same as moving bookmarks between browsers
  • XMarks will do online bookmark syncing between Firefox installations http://www.xmarks.com/ it has a free version and a premium version with an annual paid subscription.
Posted in Computer Questions and Answers, Internet and Networking, Mac questions, Windows questions | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , | 1 Comment

Q.Why am I missing 7% of my hard drive space?

You format your new 500 GB hard drive and it comes up 465 GB – 7% less – where did the extra space go?  Strange as it seems, you’re not missing any bytes on your drive, it’s a difference of opinion on what a Gigabyte means. First, some background, and then we’ll get to your ‘missing’ bytes.

Humans count by decimals:  10^3 = 1000 KB, or one Kilobyte.
1 Gigabyte = 10^9 = 1,000,000,000 bytes
(1 GB = 1000 MB and 1 MB = 1000 KB and 1 KB = 1000 bytes)

Computers count by binary GB: since 2^10 is 1024,  1024 was used as a ‘close enough’ binary equivalent to 1000 and it 1024 was called a Kilobyte
1 Gigabyte =  2^30 = 1,073,741,824 bytes
(1 GB = 1024 MB and 1 MB = 1024 KB and 1 KB = 1024 bytes)

So the use of the word “gigabyte” is ambiguous: the value depends on the context. When referring to RAM sizes and file sizes, it traditionally has a binary definition, 1024 MB but for general purposes, a Gigabyte it means exactly 1000^3 bytes, since the prefix “giga-” refers to 1000 “megas”.

(In order to address this confusion, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) promotes the use of the term “Gibibyte” or “GiB” for the binary GB, however that has not caught on).

Back to your new drive that was advertised as being 500 GB –  when you format it and look at it in your operating system, it says it has 465 GB – don’t panic, they both mean the same thing.  500 GB in decimal is 500,000,000,000 bytes, and that’s what you have. (Of course, the marketing department of the hard drive company makes the easy choice to call it a 500 GB (decimal) hard drive).

When your operating system looks at it, it counts by binary, so it counts up 500,000,000,000 bytes and calls it 465.6613 GB (binary)
(465.6613 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024 = 500,000,013,628 bytes)

So you have not lost anything, the same 500 billion bytes are there, just reported in binary GB. Your general rule is that binary GB will report a number 7% less than decimal GB.

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Q. What is Thunderbolt?

Thunderbolt is a new computer data interface format that combines high speed data transfer plus digital video into one cable.

Thunderbolt Cables

The release of the Apple Mac Book Pro in February 2011 introduced Thunderbolt to the market, followed by the iMac line update released in May 2011  (Thunderbolt was formerly under development by Apple and Intel as “LightPeak”).

Thunderbolt Port

The interface combines DisplayPort monitor signals with PCI-e high speed data communications signals into one port. A single cable attached to one of the ports provides two channels of up to 10Gb/s of data in both directions, and can support displays and hard drive storage (including large capacity RAID) simultaneously. Thunderbolt can be daisy-chained for communicating with multiple devices on one cable, and can be used with adapters to output video to DisplayPort, HDMI and DVI monitors.

The Thunderbolt port is compatible with the Mini-DisplayPort design, so standard Mini-DisplayPort cables and adapters can be used to connect monitors.

The main promise of Thunderbolt is to give access to high speed, high capacity external data storage, as fast as or faster than the hard drive built into the computer. This is a first for notebook and all-in-one machines which typically have not had eSATA ports or PCI-e slots for expansion.

Thunderbolt Performance ChartThis chart shows theoretical transfer rates.  As we learned from USB 2.0, real world performance can vary considerably from the theoretical interface bandwidth. We’ll post some real-world Thunderbolt performance comparisons as soon as they are available.

We expect the next revision of Apple MacPro workstations to come equipped with the Thunderbolt port, and for Intel to introduce Thunderbolt to motherboards for Windows and Linux based machines.

You can use an Apple Thunderbolt cable to do data transfers between two Thunderbolt equipped Macintoshes by putting one of the Macs into Target Disk Mode (Reboot and hold down the T key while it boots).

Promise and LaCie have announced storage products for Thunderbolt. Sonnet has a Thunderbolt to ExpressCard/34 slot reader and Seagate has released a Thunderbolt dock for their GoFlex  drives and some GoFlex Desktop Thunderbolt drives.  See them on CanadaRAM’s Thunderbolt Storage page

 

 

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iPad + Wireless + portable storage = Wi-Drive

One criticism of Apple’s popular iOS devices (iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch) is that they don’t have Secure Digital flash memory card slots. This means that to back up the data from an iOS device or to access additional data you have to be tethered to a computer (or use a cloud based service such as DropBox or Apple’s upcoming iCloud) . Not so good when you are away from a computer or a WiFi hotspot.

Kingston is releasing a new product, the Wi-Drive which combines a WiFi wireless access point, a flash memory drive, a battery, and a App for the iOS device that lets it communicate and share files.   This makes the Wi-Drive a mobile wireless fileserver for your iDevice and for up to two of your friends as well.

What can you do with it?

  • How about backing up your photos, documents and music while you are on the road?
  • Or maybe connecting to a library of iTunes music, photos, podcasts and movies that are too large to fit on your phone?
  • Sharing movies and music between three iDevices means that a copy of each media file doesn’t have to be stored on each device.
  • What about transferring documents between two iOS devices?

Kingston Wi-Drive

  • The Wi-Drive will ship in two capacities, 16GB and 32GB
  • It is iPhone sized – 119.2 x 60 x 9.6 mm
  • It has a built-in Wi-Fi 802.11g/n  server with a 30 foot (10 M) range
  • Its rechargeable battery is good for a  minimum of 4 hours
  • The Wi-Drive application is a free download from the Apple AppStore

Available in July 2011 from CanadaRAM

 

 

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Favorite Sites: Experimental Musical Instruments

One of my earliest musical memories is of pulling all of the pots and pans out of the cupboards, arranging them around the kitchen floor and hitting them with wooden spoons.  Later, it was filling bottles and glasses with water to tune them.  Many years later my son showed me something he had made – a piece of wooden board with nails of all different lengths hammered partly into it, and a wooden rim.  I asked him what it was and he said “a musical instrument!”  He put two marbles onto the board between the nails and tilted the board back and forth – the marbles bounced randomly between the nails, sounding a different pitch each time they pinged off a nail.

The fascination is still there for me, and so it seems, others  – the appeal of found sound sources and experimental musical instruments.  Some of the instruments listed below are technical marvels, some are breathtaking in their simplicity, the most successful to my mind are the ones that combine whimsy with expressiveness.

Experimental Musical Instruments online magazine, a gallery of globular horns, moaning bowed wooden instruments, rotating wheels and many more odd and delightful creations. Most have audio samples to play.

Experimental Musical Instruments website

The Hang drum, a beaten steel drum-like instrument played by hand. These are mesmerizing to listen to, and I imagine to play (haven’t had the opportunity to try one)

Hang Drum

Thomas Bloch, player of rare instruments, many made of glass

  • Cristal Baschet : YouTube Video played by rubbing glass rods that are connected to tuned metal rods
  • Glass Armonica : YouTube Video : Video 2 played by touching wet fingers to spinning glass disks. You have rubberd your finger around the rim of a wineglass to make it ‘sing’?  So did Benjamin Franklin (yes, that Ben Franklin), and he invented an instrument where the glasses spin and the fingers stay still.

Cristal Baschet & Glass Armonica The Ondes Martenot was invented in 1928 and along with the Theremin (which it somewhat resembles in tone) is a direct predecessor of the modern analog synthesizer. YouTube Video

Ondes MartenotOddMusic.com online magazine with a large collection of, well, odd instruments and musical samples

OddMusic WebsitePeterson bottle-organ – a pipe organ made from beer bottles

Peterson Bottle OrganDarkRoastedBlend article on automated musical instruments – the robots are among us, and they are tuneful.

Truth be told, we have had musical robots for centuries; player pianos, music boxes, cuckoo clocks, singing water fountains, mechanical singing birds and musical automatons built for the aristocracy, pipe organs with additional percussion, wind and stringed instruments played by remote control.  Guiness Collection of Musical Automata

Pat Metheny’s Orchestrion orchestra of automated MIDI controlled acoustic instruments Live performance video
The Orchestrion, (constructed with the help of LEMUR a non-profit organization that makes robotic musical instruments) is made of acoustic instruments that are actuated by solenoids and relays, under command of MIDI messages, which can be generated from a computer or a MIDI equipped instrument. Metheny uses a guitar with a MIDI interface that converts the notes he plays into pitch and control messages, which are processed by a computer and sent out to the many different instruments.

Pat Metheny and OrchestrionThe Silophone – empty grain silos in Montreal, Quebec were equipped with speakers and microphones, and were used like the world’s largest organ pipes to create a resonant, reverberant instrument when excited by input waveforms from the speakers.  What takes this project over the top is that it was integrated with the Web, so that anybody in the world could ‘play’ the Silophone with sounds from a library of samples.  Sadly, the website (like a few others listed here) has not been kept up to date and has issues. This site is more usable and includes other sound installations from the artist’s collective [The User] that originated the Silophone.

SilophoneSo, return to your childhood, let out your inner mad scientist.  Put clothespins on piano strings, find out how many sounds you can make with a pencil and an office desk, bang on a metal railing and hold your ear close to hear the reverberations chase each other down to the end and back again.  The world is full of unheard sounds.

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Q. Can I make music on an iPad?

Making music on iPad and iPhone

An iPad, iPod Touch or iPhone is a computer in your hand, complete with a stunning display and touch screen interface. With a tool this portable and powerful, it’s a natural next step to wonder how it can be used for music making. Here are some products that have been released for iOS machines.

Hardware

Audio interfaces

Alesis

  • StudioDock I/ODock A stand and docking station for iPad with audio interface, 2 XLR / 1/4″ inputs with phantom power for microphone or line level input  StudioDock $245
  • JAMDOCK practice interface for iPhone/iPod allows you to connect an instrument, mix its sound with the iPod playback, and listen to the result on headphones or send it to an amplifier  JamDock $133
  • ProTrack stereo recording add-on for iPod 5G, 6G, and 7G Classics; iPod nano 2G, 3G, and 4G (nano-chromatic), and iPod Touch 2G with X-Y microphones and XLR mic inputs including 48V phantom power.

Apple

  • iPad Camera Connector kit While this isn’t an audio interface itself, it provides a USB port so that class-compliant USB devices (that is, devices that don’t need their own drivers installed) can be connected to the iPad.  Keep in mind that the USB port does not provide 5V USB power, so you may have to use a powered USB hub in the chain to provide the juice for a USB device to run. This YouTube video walks you through connecting an iPad 2 through the Camera Connection kit and an Apogee One audio interface.

B.L.U.E.

  • Mikey– stereo microphone for iPod touch 1G, 2G, 3G; iPod nano 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G; iPod classic; iPod 5G;  iPhone versions 3GS and earlier

IK Multimedia

Peavey

MIDI Interface

Line 6

  • Midi Mobilizer – hardware MIDI interface for iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch.

USB MIDI interfaces, USB microphones and keyboards with USB MIDI connections can be connected through the Apple iPad Camera Connection Kit as long as the USB is class-compliant (driverless)  YouTube video review

Mixers and DJ rigs

Numark

Amplification

Alesis

  • Transactive Mobile portable active speaker system with built-in iPod dock, microphone and instrument input, and a battery pack which will run it for up to 10 hours away from AC power.  $259

Accessories

IK Multimedia

  • iKlip microphone stand mount for iPad

Software

Recording, mixing and beat making studios

Apple GarageBand for iPad loop, beat making and recording workstation with virtual instruments

Async Games Flare DJ mixing workstation for iPad

BeepStreet iSequence 8 track sequencer with built in instruments

Bleep!Box, iPhone, iPad drum machine/synthesizer sequencer

Cubase 6 first look (free trial)

FL Studio Mobile

Harmonicdog Multitrack DAW ($9.99)

IK Mutimedia GrooveMaker beatmaker for iPad

mixr – Open source DJ mixing worktation for iPad – ‘Coming soon’

Multitrack Song Recordeer (free)

NuMark iDJ App DJ mixing workstation

Pajamahouse Sonorasaurus Rex DJ mixing workstation

Quickdecay DJDeckX DJ mixing workstation

Sonoma Wire Works StudioTrack multitrack recording

SoundTrends

Instruments

AudioMIDI & VirSyn iSyn synthesizer

BeepStreet

  • ProKeys polyphonic keyboard, loop player and recorder, WiFi import and export
  • GyroSynth synth, recorder and overdubbing for iPhone, uses the gyroscope to let you control the synth by movin the iPhone in 3D space.

Electrify sample based 8-track groovebox for iPad

Korg iElectribe for iPad a recreation of the Electribe sequencer/beat maker/synth

MooCow Music Pianist Pro iPad piano with MIDI support, arpeggiator and beat box

Omenie Mellotronics M3000 HD for iPad – mellotron simulation for the iPad with chord pads and MIDI support

Retronyms Synth polyphonic synthesizer

Synthetic Bits FunkBox 2.0 vintage drum machine recreation

Controllers

An intriguing use for an iPad, iPod Touch or iPhone with their WiFi connectivity is to serve as a remote, touch sensitive controller for other devices, like DAWs and sequencers, effects or instruments.

Far Out Labs

  • ProRemote, touch sensitive remote control surface for DAW software on a  computer
  • ProTransport remote transport controller for DAW software
  • ProPads wireless MIDI pad controller for virtual drums, instruments and loop based software

Hexler Touch OSC modular OSC and MIDI control surface for iPad, iPhone & iPod Touch. Open Sound Control (OSC) is a open systems protocol for communication between computers, synthesizers and software.

MidiPad touch networked MIDI controller – still listed as ‘coming soon’

Monotone Records Trixmix 2 control surface for audio software such as Reason and Live!  (Mac, Win)

mrmr – an open source iOS remote touch controller project

Saitara Software AC-7 Core for iPad and AC-7 Mini for iPhone/iTouch

Synthetic Bits Little MIDI Machine uses the Line6 MIDI Mobilizer interface to control hardware through MIDI signalling.

Talkative Entrackment controller for GarageBand (Mac OSX only)

Effects

Agile Partners AmpKit guitar amp simulator

 

 

Utilities

Agile Partners

  • GuitarToolkit – Guitar tuner, metronome, chord identifier for iPhone
  • Lick of the Day Guitar training
  • Star6 – recorder and sample player for iPhone
  • TabToolkit guitar tab and score notation viewer for iPad, iPhone an iPod Touch

ForScore 2 music manuscript / score reader for iPad

Posted in Computer Questions and Answers, iPad, iPhone, iPod, Music recording, instruments, hard & software | Tagged , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Q. Can I plug my guitar into the computer?

Guitar Audio Interfaces

You could plug an electric guitar jack directly into the microphone or line input jack of a computer and it may record a sound.  But it will probably be a really awful sound, not at all what you expected.  There are three reasons:

First, most guitars do not output a strong enough signal for a line input, so the input would require extreme volume boosting – which also boosts all the noise, static and hum that is present.

Second, an electric guitar pickup is a dynamic electromagnetic system, it reacts to the magnetic pull of the vibrating strings in combination with the load of the input that it is plugged into. A guitar amp input has a certain impedance (resistive load) that it contributes to the circuit formed between the amp and the coils of the pickups. High-impedance guitar inputs on amps and effects are typically between 250 K Ohms and 1,000 K Ohms. If the guitar is plugged into a line input (typically 10 K Ohms impedance) or a mixer mic input (typically 1.5 K Ohms), the impedance is way too low and this changes the sound being produced by the pickups into a thin, tweezy, 90 lb weakling of a guitar sound.

Finally, the characteristic sound of an electric guitar is not just the string sound coming off the pickups, it is the coloration that the preamplifier and amplifier circuits add (including distortion, EQ and compression), the sound of the speakers and the speaker cabinet, the sound of the room and the microphone(s) used to record, and the sound of any other effects that the guitarist adds.

The classic way to record an electric guitar, if you have a microphone and a recorder or audio interface is to set up a ‘live’ performance rig, with amp and effects as you would normally play them, and a microphone or two in front of the speaker. Make sure the amplified sound in the room in what you want, and then move the microphone around in front of the speaker cabinet until it picks up the sound that you want.  A typical position for the mic is 4 – 12 inches away from the speaker, slightly off center from the speaker cone. Moving the mic as little as an inch will make a difference in the tone, so experiment until you get the optimum sound.  The drawback of the classic approach of course is that you have to play at performance volumes to get the best tone out of the amplifier.  This is not an option for apartment dwellers and those who don’t want to get evicted for cranking up the Marshall at 2 in the morning.

In order to record a convincing electric guitar sound, we need to treat the input signal correctly, and replace the various steps in the process that make up the sound.

One of the tools in our bag of tricks is the software amp simulation, software that mimics or models the characteristics of the preamp, amplifier and speaker cabinet. When the raw guitar sound is fed into the simulation software, the output should be a convincing replica of the guitar through an amplifier.

Here are some alternatives that go for recording the tone, without the ear-shattering volume.

Guitar USB interfaces are the simplest recording solutions, a jack that plugs into the guitar, with a USB connector on the other end to plug into a computer. This eliminates the need for a separate digital audio interface, and is available at a low cost.

Alesis

Apogee

  • GIO A floor based ‘pedalboard’ style controller with footswitches and USB comnputer interface, together with simulation software.  This is on the expensive side of the dedicated guitar interfaces. Macintosh only, OSX 10.5.7 and later.
  • Jam – an inexpensive guitar USB interface for Mac and iPhone/iPad Macintosh OSX 10.6 and iOS 4.3 and later only. No software included, it is designed to work with GarageBand’s guitar amp simulations.

IK Multimedia

  • Amplitube iRig This outrageous little hardware/software combo uses your iPhone or iPad as the processing engine to generate amp and effect simulation for guitar and bass  Amplitube iRig $45
  • StealthPlug one of the first plug and play guitar recording setups, 1/4″ plug to USB for guitar and bass. Comes with a starter version of IK’s Amplitube simulation software.
  • StealthPlug Fender Studio The Stealth plug interface with a software package of licensed Fender amp simulations. StealthPlug Fender Studio $157

Line6

  • GuitarPort XT a ‘stomp box’ style box with a 1/4″ jack and a USB connection, with Line6 amp simulation software. The XT version adds GearBox additional models and Mac OSX support to the original GuitarPort.

Miditech

  • GuitarFace USB interface box with one guitar and one mic/line input, bundled with Amplitube software. Windows only

Native Instruments

  • GuitarRig Mobile portable USB interface box with up to 24 bit /192 KHz audio conversion and GuitarRig 4 Essential simulation software
  • GuitarRig Kontrol Edition Pedalboard controller with volume/control pedal, audio interface, and GuitarRig 4 simulation software $499

Peavey

  • AmpKit Link Another amp simulator that uses an iPhone for running the simulation software

Vox

  • JamVOX USB interface with 2 3 inch speakers built in, and Vox simulation software

Guitar software amp and effect simulations – Computer modeling software for use with already-recorded tracks in a Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) program, or for use with guitar that is being input through an audio interface.  Some of the software can run stand-alone, but most are plug-ins for DAW software, so they need the DAW program, or a plug in ‘shell’ program to act as a host.  Check the compatibility with your DAW first before you buy. Plug-ins come in several formats – VST (Cubase and many others), RTAS (Digidesign ProTools n0n-HD versions) and Audio Units (AU, Apple Logic and GarageBand).

Avid/Digidesign

IK Multimedia

  • Amplitube 3 well respected amp and effect simulator, there are optional model packs available for Fender and SVT amp simulations.  AU, VST and RTAS formats, Mac intel only, OS X 10.5 or later or Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7, 32 and 64-bit  $349

Line6

  • PodFarm 2 Plug in AU, RTAS and VST, Mac G5 or Intel, OS X 10.4.6, Windows XP (SP3) and Vista, 32 and 64-bit (Windows 7 compatibility not stated)

Magix/Samplitude

Native Instruments

  • GuitarRig 4 Pro Perhaps the most comprehensive of software guitar modeling systems. Available as a component of Native Instruments software bundle Komplete Komplete 7 $599
    Mac intel only OS X 10.5 or 10.6, Windows XP (SP3, 32-bit only) Vista and Windows 7 (32 and 64-bit)  Stand-alone, VST, AU, RTAS (Pro Tools® 8 and higher), ASIO, Core Audio, DirectSound, WASAPI
  • GuitarRig 4 Kontrol Edition Pedalboard controller with volume/control pedal, 24 bit / 192 KHz audio interface, bundled with GuitarRig 4 Pro software Guitar Rig Kontrol Edition $499

Peavey

  • Revalver II Revalver has many fans and positive reviews, especially for its tube amp simulation of blues guitar tones.

Studio Devil

Waves

There is an online forum dedicated to guitar amp modeling

Guitar hardware amp simulations

There is a wide variety of stand-alone guitar hardware effects boxes that have amp and distortion simulation (along with dozens of other effects). Some of these are also USB audio interfaces. But all of them would be suitable for treating the guitar signal before inputting to an analog line level recording interface or a mixer. This takes care of potential impedance and level mismatches because the hardware effect gives the guitar a high impedance input, and outputs a low impedance line level signal to the recording input.

Avid/Digidesign

  • Eleven Rack High-end rackmounted hardware modeling system with two 1/4″ and one XLR microphone input. USB audio and MIDI interface compatible with ProTools (Comes with ProTools 8 LE) Digidesign Eleven Rack $871

Boss/Roland

  • GS-10 compact modeling pedal with USB output for recording
  • Roland VG99 Guitar System – a very comprehensive guitar modeling system

Digitech

  • RP155 Compact modeling pedal with USB output for recording
  • RP255 modeling pedal with USB, adds volume/control pedal
  • BP355 designed for bass, with volume/control pedal and USB
  • RP1000 high end pedalboard style hardware modeling and recording system

Korg

Line6

TC Electronics

  • The G-Sysem and Nova floor pedalboard style modelers don’t have USB audio interface capability

Vox

  • ToneLab EX and ToneLab ST pedalboard modelers with tube preamp, volume/controller pedal and USB audio interface

Samson / Zoom

  • G2.1umodeling pedal with volume / control pedal and USB interface
  • G3modeling pedal with USB interface and 3 LCD displays
  • G9.2tt Pedalboard style modeler with two volume / control pedals

See companion article on Recording software

See companion article on Audio interfaces

Posted in Computer Questions and Answers, Music recording, instruments, hard & software | Tagged , , , , , , , , | 1 Comment

Q. What is a USB microphone?

See companion article on Software for computer recording
See companion article on Hardware for computer recording

A USB microphone is a hybrid – it is a microphone cross-bred with a USB audio interface, so that it can plug directly into the USB 2.0 port of most computers.  This allows you to record voice or acoustic instruments without needing to purchase an audio interface – ideal for podcasting, narration, online chatting or getting songwriting ideas down quickly.

One thing to remember with USB mics is that most of them do NOT have a standard analog audio output, so they cannot be used for live sound or used with a standard mixer, amplifier or audio interface – only attached to a computer.

As with every market, there is a wide variety of quality and features available. but in general an external USB microphone is a big jump up from the built in microphone in a notebook computer or iMac.

Some USB microphones are intended for speech only – chatting, Skype and conferencing. and aren’t suited for singing or instrumental recording. For speech only use, you can also consider USB headsets that have both headphones and a boom mounted microphone.

Logitech USB Desktop Microphone

Samson:

  • UB1 Boundary layer microphone, designed to be positioned flat on a table top for recording meetings and conference calls.
  • GoMic compact, portable mic, switchable from directional to omnidirectional

Other microphone models have wider frequency responses that are better suited to vocal and instrumental work. Most of the following convert audio at CD-resolution, which is 16 bit depth with a 44.1 KHz sample rate. For professional recording, higher-than-CD resolutions are desirable to give more detail.

Alesis:

  • USB-Mic Podcasting Kit includes a pair of headphones $129
  • AM3 Stereo handheld USB microphone – has two microphone elements in one unit and captures a stereo image. $129
Audio Technica AT2020 USB Microphone

Audio Technica AT2020 USB Microphone

Audio-Technica:

  • AT2020USB Side-address condenser mic based on the AT2020 project studio condenser microphone. $185

B.L.U.E.:

  • Snowball, One of the first USB microphones with a large diameter condenser element.
  • Snowflake, a smaller diaphragm condenser mic with an combination stand/clip for positioning on the desk or on top of a laptop screen. Quality wise, the Snowflake sits on the fence between a good podcasting mic and an entry level recording mic. $76
  • Eyeball, a Snowflake with an additional 2 MP webcam built in for video conferencing $89
  • BLUE Snowflake USB Mic

    BLUE Snowflake USB Mic

    Yeti A large diaphragm condenser multi-pattern microphone $159

  • Yeti Pro Additional XLR analog output that can be used for live use or analog mixers/outboard equipment. It features a D/A converter capable of up to 24 bit /192 KHz conversion. $335

Rode:

  • Podcaster Dynamic USB microphone with headphone output, and up to 18 bit / 48 KHz sampling

Samson:

  • G-Track This mic adds a second input for instrument or line level signals, so that you can record both voice and an instrument – so it functions as a basic audio interface.
  • C01U One of the first USB microphones in an upright condenser design, based on the Co1 microphone.
  • C03U multi-pattern microphone can be switched from supercardiod (directional) to omnidirectional (for picking up the room sound from all directions) and bidirectional (figure-8 for picking up sound front and back while rejecting sound from the sides)
  • Meteor Mic chrome plated design with  built in tripod, the style is an homage to the recording mics of the ’40s. Includes a headphone jack for zero-latency monitoring. A webcam kit is an option.
  • Q1U Dynamic hand-held mic designed for vocals
  • Q2U Dynamic mic with both USB and analog XLR outputs for live use or analog recording.

There are also some compact outboard USB interfaces that have a single purpose – to add USB output to a standard microphone with an XLR connection:

Alesis MicLink for dynamic mics only (no phantom power) $68

Blue Icicle – provides 48V Phantom power for condenser mics that require it. $67

Centrance MicPort Pro – up to 24 bit / 96 KHz conversion, provides 48V Phantom power

Alesis MicLink

Alesis MicLink USB adapter (computer, microphone and mic stand not included)

Alesis USB Mic Podcast kit

Alesis USB Mic Podcast kit

Alesis AM3 Stereo USB mic

Alesis AM3 Stereo USB mic

Blue Yeti USB microphone

Blue Yeti USB microphone

USB microphones are compatible across any Windows and Macintosh systems with USB 2.0 ports and relatively modern OS versions. They should be recognized as USB ‘class compliant’ audio hardware as soon as they are plugged into the machine, and their inputs should be available to any recording software.

If you want to get better quality sound into your computer, you don’t have multiple sound sources to record at once, and don’t want to set up a studio-type interface for standard microphones, then a USB microphone is worth a look.

If you are aiming for professional music results, a good quality audio interface with a selection of quality microphones is much more expensive but will give better quality results.

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