Go to your manufacturer’s website, support, drivers and downloads section, and download all the latest drivers for your specific model and install them. Run all the Windows (or other OS) updates.
When you do a restore, you are resetting the machine to the out-of-date software and drivers from the disk (or restore partition) from when it was first made, so part of the restore process is to then reinstall all the latest drivers, for the machine and for any peripherals (scanner, printer, etc).
If it is a desktop machine, you could also turn it off, open the case and unplug and reattach the cables going to the drives and unplug and re-seat the PCI-e cards, sometimes a loose connection is all it is.
If it is a new machine, it will be under warranty, so you can call the manufacturer’s support phone line or online chat service for assistance.
If you can’t find the drivers for some devices, there are websites that will help you
WinDrivers: http://www.windrivers.com/
NoDevice: http://www.nodevice.com/
Softpedia: http://drivers.softpedia.com/
DriverGuide: http://www.driverguide.com/